In vitro and in vivo evaluation of iRoot BP Plus as a coronal sealing material for regenerative endodontic procedures.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate in vitro effects of a nanoparticle bioceramic material, iRoot BP Plus, on stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) and in vivo capacity to induce pulp-dentin complex formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sealing ability of iRoot BP Plus was measured via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SCAP were isolated and treated in vitro by iRoot BP Plus conditioned medium, with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) conditioned medium and regular medium used as controls, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU labeling and MTT assay and cell migration was evaluated with wound healing and transwell assays. Osteo/odontogenic potential was evaluated by Alizarin red S staining and qPCR. Pulp-dentin complex formation in vivo was assessed by a tooth slice subcutaneous implantation model. RESULTS: iRoot BP Plus was more tightly bonded with the dentin. There was no difference in SCAP proliferation between iRoot BP Plus and control groups (P > 0.05). iRoot BP Plus had a greater capacity to elevated cell migration (P < 0.05) and osteo/odontogenic marker expression and mineralization nodule formation of SCAP compared with MTA groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the new continuous dentine layer and pulp-like tissue was observed in the iRoot BP Plus group in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: iRoot BP Plus showed excellent sealing ability, promoted the migration and osteo/odontogenesis of SCAP and induced pulp-dentin complex formation without affecting the cell proliferation, which indicated iRoot BP Plus was a promising coronal sealing material in REPs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The coronal sealing materials play crucial roles for the outcomes of REPs. This study showed that iRoot BP Plus has good coronal sealing and promote pulp-dentin complex formation compared with MTA, providing experimental evidences for the clinical application of iRoot BP Plus as a promising coronal seal material in REPs.

A novel network security situation assessment model based on multiple strategies whale optimization algorithm and bidirectional GRU.

The rapid development of the internet has brought about a comprehensive transformation in human life. However, the challenges of cybersecurity are becoming increasingly severe, necessitating the implementation of effective security mechanisms. Cybersecurity situational awareness can effectively assess the network status, facilitating the formulation of better cybersecurity defense strategies. However, due to the low accuracy of existing situational assessment methods, situational assessment remains a challenge. In this study, a new situational assessment method, MSWOA-BiGRU, combining optimization algorithms and temporal neural networks, was proposed. Firstly, a scientific indicator system proposed in this research is used to calculate the values of each indicator. Then, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to derive the actual situation values, which serve as labels. Taking into account the temporal nature of network traffic, the BiGRU model is utilized for cybersecurity situational assessment. After integrating time-related features and network traffic characteristics, the situational assessment value is obtained. During the evaluation process, a whale optimization algorithm (MSWOA) improved with a mix of strategies proposed in this study was employed to optimize the model. The performance of the proposed MSWOA-BiGRU model was evaluated on publicly available real network security datasets. Experimental results indicate that compared to traditional optimization algorithms, the optimization performance of MSWOA has seen significant enhancement. Furthermore, MSWOA-BiGRU demonstrates superior performance in cybersecurity situational assessment compared to existing evaluation methods.